Measuring instrument.



N. F. PONER.

MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION P ILED JULY 25, 1914.

Patented Feb. 16, 1915.

Witnesses j l nven tor Attorn eys UNITED STATES PArENTj onirica..

EWTON F. FONER, 0F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYALVANIA.

MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 1e, 1915.

Application tiled July 25, 1914. Serial No. 853,231.

- ing in the line of their professions. s

The present invention contemplates the provision of a measuring instrument embodying a unique assemblage of component parts, wherebyfthe device will be effectively instrumental in measuring and 'laying outv angles or bevels 'for various purposes, and

whereby various angles vor ratios of inclined surfaces may be measured or laoid out with precision. 1 A

.With the foregoing general objects outlined, and with other specific objects in view, 'Y which will be understood as the nature of the'invention is better understood,'tl 1e present invention resides in the combination and,

arrangement of parts and in the details of copstruction hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosedA can be -made within the scope of what is claimed Without departing yfrom the spirit of the invention.

The invention hasl been illustrated in th l accompanying drawing, wherein?.-

y tain' modifications or variations.

Eigurel isfa plan view of the measuring.

instrument, a portion thereof being broken away. Fig. 2-'is an enlarged sectional detail taken onltheiine 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 isa view simllar to Fig. 2, and illustrating cera view illustrating several forms o f levels which may be employed upon the measuring instrument. Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive illustrate on a reduced scale and more or less diagrammatically, various uses to which theinstrument 'may beput in practice. y

'In carrying out the presentinvention, the

instrumentv embodies a D-shaped stockV orl yframe 1,. which includes the respective vcurved and straight portions 2 vand 3 whichl have theirterminal portions integrally united. The stock or bo'dyl is fiat andcon-lv Fig; 4. is.

structed of Asheet metal or other suitable material, and the straight portion 3 is provided with an ear or lobe 4 projecting from its outer'edge intermediate its ends, as seen in Fig. 2, andas will be evident-by refer- 'ence to Fig. 1. rIhe central portion of the straight bar-3 of the stock 1 and the ear or lobe 4 thereof have struck or punched up therefrom, :a circular `cup or dished boss 5, the center of which lies in the line running along the outer edge of the bar3. f

rA flat taperedindicating or pointer arm 6`has its butt or largest end resting snugly upon the central portionv ofthe bar 3 andv the ear 4, and the said end portion thereof is provided with an upstruck or offset cup or dished boss 7 fitting snugly andconcentrically over the boss 5 of the stock. The arm 6 is disposedradially with respect to the stock l, so that the median line of the Aarm intersects the center or axes of the bosses 5L and 7 The free end portion of the of the stock and is arranged to move snugly thereon. Y if A vrelatively long arm or blade 8 is .pro-

arm 6v overlaps the curved bar or portion 2 vided at its butt or inner end, withI a circular portion or disk 9 resting snugly on the buttlor basal end of the arm 6, and equipped with an upstruck cupv or dished boss 10 fitting snugly and concentrically over the boss v7,'whereby the stock 1, and the arms 6 and 8 may swing around a common axis, aswill be evident.. Y

A` relativelysh'ort arm or blade 11' -is disposed below the stock 1, yand is provided disk-portion" 12 resting snuglyA against the bottom'of the bar `3 and its ear 4 and prouvided with an upstruck cup o'r dishedboss 13 'fitting snugly andl concentrically within the boss 5 of the stock.

As` a means for holding the stock and v.arms in operative relation, a tubular pivot member 14 is engaged through central apertures provided in thebossesl, 5, 7 and 10,

and is providedwithahead or flange 15 at 'one end-fitting snugly .within the boss 13 viius'h with the lower or outer surf-ace of the disk orlportion 12 of the arm 11. The head or flanged end of the pivot member 14 is at its butt or inner end.with.a circular or I provided with a recess 15 surrounding the corresponding end of the bore of the member 14.' A cap 16-is threadedly engaged upon the other or `upper fend ofthe member o drafting board when the instrument is used v'14 and fits snugly over the boss 10 of the arm or blade 8, and whereby the head or flange 15 of the member 14 .and the. s aid cap v16` will hold the bosses -13, 5, 7 and 10 in nested .and pivotal relation.` willin themselves retain/the stock and arms in .pivotal relation, was well as the pivot member, 'to thereby retain the stock and arms inv proper operative relation at all times.

In order to 4enablethe arm 8-to move freely with respect to the lcap 16,1and to enable the arm 6 to move freely with respect to the stock, an annular series of ball-bearings 17 are disposed between the complementary corner portions of the cap 16 and boss 10 and between the complementarycorner portions of the bosses 7 and -5, the said corner portions being provided with annularball races to this end. Thus, the ball-bearings 17 will'reduce the friction between the arm 8 and the cap 16, and between the arm 6 and the stock 1, althoughthe arms 6 and Y 8 will have africtional enga/gement totend to swing as a unit, although they may -be sired. A

A centering screw 18 is threadedly engaged through the-pivot member 14 and has its tip projecting slightly from the recess 158L so as to be engageable with a stone, wood or other similar surface, when the instrument is employed in a work shop, or the like.

Fig. 3 illustrates a modification or variation inasmuch as the screw 18a which is threaded through the tubular member 14 is not' proswung with respect to one another when devided with a tip, but a needle 18 is slidablethrough the screw 18 and is provided with a.

projecting tip for engaging the drawing or vin the drawing-room or the like. The needle 18b is,l adjustably secured in place by means of a set screw 189 carried* by the headed end of the screw 18.` v

The free or outer ends of the arms or blades 8 and 11 are equipped with detachable wear tips 19 and 20,'respectively, which are pointed, and which' may Vbe replaced when they become worn after continued use'.

They curved. bar orV portion. 2 vof the stock 1 is provided along`A itsouter edge. with a scale of graduations 21,*which in the.' present instance, are adapted to indicate the number of mches of inclination per foot from a vertical line, as will 'hereinafter more fully appear. The baror portion 2 is further provided along its inner edge with a scale `22 graduated or certain .uses of the instru ment, and the bar or portion 2 is still further provided with a protractor scale 23 intermediate the scales 21 and 22. The scales 21, 22. and 23 -may be provided, and preferably are, upon both sides of the bar 2. The free end portion of the 'arm 6 is The nested bosses those versed in the art.

f The outer edge of the bar clearly seen in Fig. 1.

.scales 32 provided upon the said arm or fblade One or both ends of the .liquidl level vtube are closed, whereby the levels of the .with a liquid level 33 preferably. embedded within the arm 8 to be the scales 21., 22 and 23 are exposed, and the said arm is further provided with-pointers 25 and 26 projecting from the outer and E inner ends of the opening 24 and coperat-v ing with the graduations' of the* outer 'and inner scales 21 and 22, respectively. The arm 6`-has a third pointer 27 projecting from one side of the opening 24 and coperyating with the protractor lscale 23, to indicate the angularity'of the arm 6 with respect to the stock 1, as will be obvious to p or portion 3 of. the stock. is preferably graduated'in inches or other units of measurement, and intersects the axis of the pivot member 14. One edge of the arm or blade 8 forms a straight edge 29 which lies in'a line vintersecting the axle of the pivot member 14.0r extending radially from the said axis. One edge of the arm or blade 11, designated 30, lines o'n, i f

a line intersecting or extending .radially from vthe axis of the pivot member 14, and the said edge of the arm 11 is also prefer- .ably graduated similar to the straight.v edge 28 of the stock 1. The' edges of the arm orK vblade' 8 are also preferably graduated ac cording to the unit .of graduations of the; I

bar 3 and armor blade '11.' The points of the tips 19 and 20 of the ams 8` and 11 respectively, are in alinement withthe straight edges 29' and 30 of the respectivearms, as.

The arm or blade 11 is equipped with aj liquid level 31- which is in the form of a.V glass or transparent tube having terminal receptacles and which lis preferably embedded in the'arm 11 soas torbe visible from both sides. The tube of the liquid level 31 4has confined therein two liquids having. different specific gravities, and which liquids vare disposed at the opposite ends of the liquid level tube, whereby when the 'arm orl blade 11 is disposedin a true horizontal-position, ythe levels ofthe two liquids within the terminal ortionsA orreceptacles of the liquid level. tu position of the arm or blade 11 upon the -In Fig. 4, there is depicted, various forms A e will indicate the horizontal of liquid level tubes, as designated by the reference characters 31, 31",` 31, and'31, These and other forms of liquid level tubes may be employed according to the circum` stances.

The arm or blade 8 is slmilarly provlded embodying a tube visible magma- I liquids of .different specific gravities, so that the levels of thfe liquids within the'terminalportions or ,receptacles of thev liquid level tube will indicate the position of the arm or blade 8 upon the scales`34: provided upon the said arm. Thus, the liquid level 33 will facilitatel the positioning of the arm or blade 8 to a true horizontal position.

In Fig. 3, there is denoted by the numeral 35, a suitable means for locking or securing the disk or butt end 9 of the arm 8 at various angular positions with respectrto the arm 6, and the numeral'36 designates similar means carried by the disk or butt end 12 of thearm 11for holding the said arm at various angular positions with respect to the stock when desired. The holding means or devices 35 and 36 may be employed for positively holdl ing the arms 8 and 6 in position with respect to one another, and for holding the arm 11..

in position with respect to the stock, although ordinarily the frictional engage,- ment between the said parts ,will hold them in place relative to one another. c l

The present instrument may be utilized rin a large number of'ways. One or two uses of the instrument will be described, and other uses and capabilities will then be obvious to those skilled in-the art and to the user. The uses of the instrument will readily suggest themselves to the user, after he has once grasped the fundamental principles of the device. The present instrument may be employed in various professionsand by various artisans or mechanics in the line of their work. vIt will be naturally evident without lengthy description, that the instrument maybe employed, as a protractor, as.

a square,- as a miter or bevel gage, and the like. One'of the salient or cardinal uses of the instrument is to lay out or determine angular or inclined surfaces.

` To measure the inclined surface 37 in Fig. 9, or to determine the inclination in inches per foot from the vertical, of the surface 37, the tips 19 and 2O of theJarms 8 and 11 respectively,`are placed against the surface 37 and the arm-11Y is 'then adjusted to a true horizontal position through the medium of the level 3 1'. The arm 6 which has been previously set in alinement with the straight edge 29 of the arm 8, will-then indicate the measurement desired, inasmuch as the pointer 25 will indicate upon the scale 21, the number of inches of inclination per foot from the vertical of the surface of plane 37.

It is evident that various means may be employed for swinging the arm 6 in alinement lwith the straight edge 29'of the arm or blade.

Itis tobe understood in making the foregoing measurement, that the straight edge 28 ofthe. stock l must be b roughtV into alinement or flush with the straight edge 30 of the blade 11 to bring the stock to a true horizontal position. f

lsupposing it is desired to vdetermine the angle in degrees of the inclined surface 38 illustrated in Fig. 5, then, the arm or blade 8 is swung so that itsvstraight edge 29 is in f alinement with the straight edge` 28 ofthe stock 1, and the other edge of the arm 8 1s then seated upon the Surface 38. The arm ,or blade 11 is then brought to a horizontal position through the medium of the level 31, and consequently, the straight edge 30 of the` arm 11' will indicate upon 'the protractor scale, the number of degrees of inclination of -,the surface 38. Various other uses of the, instrument will be obvious from Figs. 6,7

ployed in the drafting room, or.. the like, the

centering needle or'pin 18b is preferably employed to insureof accuracy in the positioning of the-stock 1 on the drawing or thelike. It is also to be notedthat the ointer or mdlcating arm 6 may be adjuste angularly relative to the arm or blade 8 for certain uses of the instrument, for example, 1n F 1g. 5,

wherein the arm 6 is arranged at right an- '95 gles to the arm or blade 8, to indlcate upon the protractor scale, the accurate' position-of spect to one another. v The pointers `25, 26 and 27 coperatlng s1- multaneously with the scales 21, 23 and` 22,

i respectively, will serve as a check-in reading -ousladvantages and attributes of the present' invention will be obvious to-those versed in the art, and further comment is not deemed Having thusdescribed the invention, what is claimed is I 1. In a measuring instrument, a graduated stock, and three arms pivotally engaged thereto to swing about a common axis, the sto'k having a straight edge intersecting the saidaxis, a pair of the arms each having a straight edge intersecting the said axis, and the other arm being adapted to be moved with one of the said arms having .the straight edges, and coperable with the graduations of the stock.- y' v `v 2. In a measuring instrument, a'graduated stock, three arms pivotally engaged thereto to swing about a common axis, levels carried vby a palr of the said arms, and the other arm the stock 1 and the arm or blade 8 with reat various angular positions relative to one ofi the said pair of arms and coperating said axis,- levels carried by a pair of the said arms, the said pair of arms each having a straight edge intersecting the axis, theother arm coperating with the graduations and being adapted to be moved With and set at various angular. positions relative to one of the aforesaid .pair of arms.

1,12sfe73 4. In' a measuring instrument, a plurality of members having nested dished bosses, a

,pivot element engaged centrally through the said bosses and having a head at one end seatedwithin one boss, and Ia eap engaged to the other end of the pivot element and fitting over` 'the corresponding boss.

In testimony that l cla-im the foregoing as my own, I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

NEWTON F. FONER, Witnesses:

HANS H. SCHMID, A A. FREDRIK NORDENSKJOLD, 

